In the Early Cretaceous period (about 140 million years ago) the final breakup of Gondwana began with rupturing and rifting on its eastern margin, which led to the separation of New Zealand and the formation of the Tasman Sea. Igneous activity (rocks formed from molten magma or lava) is associated with this rupturing and the Gulaga Igneous Complex is one of a number of volcanoes which formed along the newly created eastern Australian margin at this time.
These magma bodies did not reach the surface, they cooled more slowly allowing the growth of larger mineral crystals and producing rocks more like granite than eruptive rocks. Because of the chemistry of the magmas these granite-like rocks are called banatite and monzonite and being much more resistant to erosion than the lavas and tuffs, they are left as remnant high points after erosion has removed most of the lavas and tuffs.
Gulaga is today a mountain with an altitude of 797 metres (2500 feet).
Gold is formed by hot molten quartz solution (like liquid rock) being forced into fissures and cracks in the older rocks. This is reef gold. When the quartz weathers away it breaks up, releasing the gold and other minerals.
The gold is carried down the slopes by streams as alluvial gold. Alluvial Gold was discovered in the tertiary sand and gravel found between Wallaga Lake and the sea.
On 21 April 1770, Captain Cook was sailing northward mapping the coast of “New Holland” in His Majesty’s ship Endeavour.
He wrote in his log:
At 6 o’clock we are abreast of a pretty high mountain laying near the shore which on account of its figure I name ‘Mt Dromedary’.